MLA Handbook
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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
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Generally, Chicago Style encourages references paintings and sculptures only in the note or in-text citation, but not in the bibliography.
| Format | Example | |
|---|---|---|
| Notes-Bibliography & Author-Date | Artist Name, Artwork Title, Date, medium, size, Institution that Houses It, Location, object number, URL. | Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory, 1931, oil on canvas, 9½ × 13 in. (24.1 × 33 cm), Museum of Modern Art, New York, object no. 162.1934, https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018. |
The medium, size, object number, and URL are optional details.
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) citation style is most commonly used in humanities disciplines such as history and the arts.
The examples below are for the Notes and Bibliography (NB) style.
| In-Text Note | Bibliography | |
|---|---|---|
| Journal Article | Yodovich, “Defining Conditional Belonging.” |
Yodovich, Neta. “Defining Conditional Belonging: The Case of Female Science Fiction Fans.” Sociology 55, no. 5 (October 2021): 871–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038520949848. |
| Journal Article with Multiple Authors | Fulkerson, Neumark-Sztainer, and Story, “Adolescent and Parent Views of Family Meals.” |
Fulkerson, Jayne A., Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, and Mary Story. “Adolescent and Parent Views of Family Meals.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 106, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 526–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.006. |
| Book | Golding, Star Wars after Lucas. |
Golding, Dan. Star Wars after Lucas: A Critical Guide to the Future of the Galaxy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019. |
| AI | Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, March 7, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat. | N/A |
Always check with your professor and syllabus for specific information on how you should use and cite AI-generated sources.
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